Salmonella urinary tract infection: a vascular emergency.

arteritis with aneurysm formation of the left common iliac. Extrinsic compression of the left ureter resulted in ureteral obstruction and Salmonella bacteremia secondary to pyelonephritis. An excision was performed, followed by an extra-anatomic bypass with an autologous superficial femoral vein. Salmonella septicemia after acute pyelonephritis in a patient aged over 50 years should raise the suspicion index regarding the possibility of microbial arteritis with aneurysm formation, which is a vascular emergency. Since William Osler described mycotic aneurysms in 1885, the classification of these pathologies has been refined. Microbial arteritis with aneurysm formation is the most common type of mycotic iliac aneurysms encountered, accounting for up to 66% of cases. Since the era of antibiotic drugs, the infectious agents responsible are Staphlococcus aureus and Salmonella species in 25% and 15%, respectively. Salmonella microbial arteritis with aneurysm formation in the iliac position is rarely seen. We report on the case of a patient with Salmonella microbial arteritis with aneurysm formation of the common iliac artery resulting in secondary ureteral obstruction. This pathology occurred after Salmonella pyelonephritis, which is a rare clinical presentation.